Topical Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for Arthritis Pain Relief

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a colorless liquid used as a solvent for various organic and inorganic compounds. DMSO reduces inflammation and pain in the affected joints, making it a valuable tool for managing arthritis symptoms.

Research has shown that DMSO can inhibit the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, thereby reducing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and dampening the inflammatory response. By blocking this pathway, DMSO helps to alleviate pain and swelling associated with conditions like arthritis.

The NLRP3 inflammasome is a key component of the immune system that plays a critical role in regulating the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to infection or injury. When activated, the NLRP3 inflammasome triggers a cascade of events that produce cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18), important mediators of inflammation.

In addition to its effects on the NLRP3 inflammasome, DMSO has antioxidant properties that help to neutralize harmful free radicals and reduce oxidative stress in the body. This further contributes to its anti-inflammatory effects and ability to promote healing in damaged tissues.

DMSO has also been used to treat various conditions, including bladder inflammation, scleroderma, and interstitial cystitis. Its ability to reduce inflammation and promote healing makes it a versatile treatment option for a range of health issues.

When DMSO is applied topically to the skin, it is absorbed into the bloodstream and broken down by the liver. The liver converts DMSO into dimethyl sulfone (DMSO2), which is then excreted from the body through the kidneys in urine. The lungs also excrete a small amount. This process typically takes place within a few hours of application, with most of the DMSO being eliminated from the body within 24 hours.

While DMSO can be a helpful tool for managing arthritis symptoms, it is essential to be aware of its potential side effects and safety considerations. Some people may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when using DMSO, so it is important to test a small amount on a patch of skin before applying it to a larger area.

Additionally, DMSO can cause a garlic-like taste and odor on the breath and skin, which some people may find unpleasant. It is also essential to avoid using DMSO on broken skin or open wounds, as it can cause further irritation and increase the risk of infection.

In addition to the potential skin irritation and garlic-like taste and odor that may occur with topical DMSO use, there are some other side effects that individuals should be aware of, most of which can be mitigated. These can include:

1. Skin dryness: DMSO can cause the skin to become dry and flaky, especially with prolonged or frequent use. It is important to keep the skin hydrated and moisturized when using DMSO to prevent this side effect.
2. Sensitivity to sunlight: Some individuals may experience increased sensitivity to sunlight when using DMSO, leading to sunburn or skin irritation. It is important to protect the skin with sunscreen and clothing when using DMSO to prevent this side effect. Wearing gloves or using a DMSO product with a roller applicator helps minimize skin exposure to areas where the product is unnecessary and avoids sensitizing other skin areas.
3. Headache or dizziness: Individuals may sometimes experience headaches or dizziness after applying DMSO topically. This is usually temporary and can be relieved by resting and staying hydrated.
4. Nausea or gastrointestinal upset: DMSO can sometimes cause nausea, vomiting, or gastrointestinal upset when applied topically. If these symptoms occur, it is important to discontinue use and consult a healthcare provider.
5. Allergic reactions: Some individuals may be allergic to DMSO and may experience more severe reactions such as itching, swelling, or difficulty breathing. If any of these symptoms occur, it is important to seek medical attention immediately.

It is important to note that while DMSO is generally considered safe when used correctly, it is still a potent chemical compound that should be used with caution. It is always recommended to consult with a healthcare provider before using DMSO, especially if you have any underlying health conditions or are taking other medications.

In conclusion, DMSO has many applications, including treating arthritis and other inflammatory conditions. By being aware of its potential side effects and using it safely and responsibly, individuals can experience relief from pain and inflammation and improve their overall quality of life.

References:
Ahn, Huijeong et al. “Dimethyl Sulfoxide Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation.” Immunobiology 219.4 (2014): 315–322. Immunobiology. Web.
Elisia, I., Nakamura, H., Lam, V., Hofs, E., Cederberg, R., Cait, J., Hughes, M. R., Lee, L., Jia, W., Adomat, H. H., Guns, E. S., McNagny, K. M., Samudio, I., & Krystal, G. (2016). DMSO Represses Inflammatory Cytokine Production from Human Blood Cells and Reduces Autoimmune Arthritis. PLOS ONE, 11(3), e0152538. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152538