Digestion is a complex process that our bodies undergo every time we eat a meal. It involves a series of functional phases that work together to break down food into nutrients that our bodies can absorb and use for energy and other essential functions. Let’s take a closer look at the ins and outs of the functional phases of digestion, starting with the mouth and teeth chewing.
The first functional phase of digestion begins in the mouth, where food is broken down into smaller pieces by the teeth and mixed with saliva. Saliva contains enzymes that help to start the process of breaking down carbohydrates. Chewing is an essential part of digestion as it helps to physically break down food and mix it with saliva, aiding overall digestion.
Once food is chewed and mixed with saliva in the mouth, it travels down the esophagus and into the stomach. Food is further broken down in the stomach by stomach acid and enzymes. The stomach also helps to sterilize food by killing off harmful bacteria that may be present. Problems with digestion can arise when there is insufficient stomach acid.
Food moves into the small intestine after the stomach, where digestion and absorption occur. Enzymes and bile from the pancreas and liver help to break down fats, proteins, and carbohydrates into smaller molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream and used by the body. When digestive enzymes or bile are insufficient, this impacts the breakdown and ability to absorb nutrients.
The large intestine plays a crucial role in the digestive process by absorbing water, forming feces, storing waste, and facilitating the elimination of waste from the body. It is essential for maintaining proper digestive health and overall well-being. Toxins can accumulate in the body and are mainly excreted through the digestive tract. Eliminating waste by having 1-3 stools daily is essential to health.
Digestive issues can manifest in a variety of ways, with symptoms ranging from mild discomfort to more severe conditions. Some familiar cues and symptoms of digestive problems include:
1. Bloating: Feeling bloated or gassy after meals can indicate poor digestion, mainly if it occurs frequently.
2. Constipation or diarrhea: Changes in bowel habits, such as constipation or diarrhea, can indicate an imbalance in the gut microbiome or difficulty digesting certain foods.
3. Heartburn or acid reflux: Acid reflux can indicate poor digestion and may indicate an issue with stomach acid production or gastric motility.
4. Abdominal pain: Persistent abdominal pain or cramping can indicate underlying digestive issues such as inflammation or food sensitivities.
5. Fatigue or low energy: Poor digestion can impact nutrient absorption, leading to fatigue and low energy levels.
6. Skin issues: Skin conditions such as acne, eczema, or rosacea may be linked to poor digestion and imbalances in the gut microbiome.
7. Food sensitivities: If you experience bloating, gas, or other digestive symptoms after eating certain foods, you may have a food sensitivity or intolerance.
8. Unexplained weight changes: Sudden weight loss or weight gain without changes in diet or exercise may indicate digestive issues affecting nutrient absorption.
Digestive issues can contribute to various diseases and health issues, as the digestive system plays a crucial role in overall health and well-being. Some common diseases and health issues that can result from digestive problems include:
1. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): IBS is a common digestive disorder that can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, and constipation. Digestive issues such as imbalances in gut bacteria, food sensitivities, and poor digestion can contribute to developing IBS.
2. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): IBD is a group of chronic inflammatory conditions that affect the digestive tract, including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Digestive issues such as inflammation and immune dysregulation can play a role in the development and progression of IBD.
3. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): GERD is a digestive disorder that causes acid reflux and heartburn. Digestive issues such as low stomach acid production or dysfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter can contribute to its development.
4. Celiac disease: Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder in which the ingestion of gluten leads to damage in the small intestine. Digestive issues such as impaired nutrient absorption and inflammation in the gut can contribute to the development of celiac disease.
5. Food sensitivities and intolerances: Digestive issues such as leaky gut and imbalances in gut bacteria can develop food sensitivities and intolerances. These conditions can cause symptoms such as bloating, gas, diarrhea, and skin issues.
6. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO): SIBO is a condition characterized by an overgrowth of bacteria in the small intestine. Digestive issues such as impaired motility and dysbiosis in the gut can contribute to its development.
7. Malabsorption disorders: Digestive issues such as impaired enzyme production or dysfunction in the small intestine can lead to malabsorption disorders, resulting in nutrient deficiencies and other health issues.
When digestive issues occur, it can be helpful to consult with a functional nutrition expert or healthcare provider to investigate potential underlying issues and develop a personalized treatment plan. Assessments and functional labs often identify underlying digestive problems such as food sensitivities, gut dysbiosis, and nutrient deficiencies. Tests like stool analysis, food sensitivity testing, and comprehensive blood panels can provide valuable insights into an individual’s digestive health and guide treatment recommendations.
Functional nutrition plans typically address what goes in (diet), helping your body process foods, lifestyle modifications, and supplementing where needed. They would also include addressing what goes out (elimination) of your body to support adequate stool form, consistency, and number of movements. Addressing digestive problems early on can improve overall digestive health and prevent more serious conditions from developing.
Functional practitioners do not recommend long-term use of acid blockers or other over-the-counter medications for digestive issues because these medications can negatively affect digestive function and overall health. Acid blockers, such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H2 receptor antagonists, reduce stomach acid production. While these medications can provide temporary relief from heartburn and acid reflux symptoms, they can also have long-term consequences.
In conclusion, digestion is a complex process that involves multiple functional phases working together to break down food and extract nutrients. A functional nutrition approach focuses on the ins and outs of digestion, identifying and addressing underlying issues impacting digestive function and using assessments and functional labs to guide treatment recommendations. By supporting optimal digestion through diet, lifestyle, and supplementation, individuals can improve overall digestive health and well-being.
I am a Master’s prepared RN, National Board-Certified Health & Wellness Coach, Board-Certified Functional Wellness Coach, and Functional Diagnostic Nutrition Practitioner. I help people fix their chronic inflammation & pain with in-home lab testing, client assessments, personalized natural healing protocols, and online coaching to help them move from pain to peace so that they feel better, move better, and live better.